Les publications

The fall of a city: Refugees, exodus and exile in Ernest Hemingway’s Istanbul, 1922

Nazan Maksudyan

Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November 1922, Hemingway wrote 20 articles about the last days of the war and the re-constellation of political legitimacy in the region. There are four distinguishing features of Hemingway’s reports from Constantinople. First, they provided an eloquent depiction of the city, suggesting the charm and squalor of old ‘Constan’ for the young writer. The second was a clear expectation of a ‘second disaster’, which was assumed to be a replica of Smyrna. Hemingway clearly observed the fears of non-Muslims and foreigners in the city, who were panicking over possible new massacres and pillage. Third, Hemingway quickly realized that the exodus of people – the desperate flight of Christian refugees – and Turkification of the country would be his main subject. His repeated emphasis on refugees permanent loss of a home is reminiscent of Hannah Arendt’s famous essay ‘We Refugees’, as well as a precursor to Agamben’s point that refugees are reduced to ‘bare life’. Lastly, his prose relied on irony and cynicism, as a cover for his disappointment and shame for humanity and modern civilization. Juxtaposing his writing with contemporary local accounts, I intend to situate his witnessing into the larger historiography of ‘Armistice Istanbul’ and the homogenization policies of the winning Turkish nationalist leadership. Hemingway’s critique of (homogeneous) nation-state formation after the war and the favourable involvement of the Allied countries and humanitarian agencies in the mass production of refugees was quite exceptional and ahead of his times.

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Ethnisierung und (Im)Mobilitäten in historischer Perspektive

Lucie Lamy , Sarah Marciano

Russia’s North Pacific. Centres and Peripheries (e-pdf)

Benjamin Beuerle , Sandra Dahlke, Andreas Renner

Die Buchreihe “Russia and the Asia-Pacific” untersucht politische, ökonomische, gesellschaftliche, kulturelle und umweltbezogene Interaktionen des Russischen Fernen Ostens innerhalb seines Asiatisch-Pazifischen Kontextes wie auch mit der russischen Hauptstadt in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Ihr erster Band befasst sich aus multidisziplinärer Perspektive insbesondere mit den folgenden Fragen: Wie wurden und werden Verordnungen eines tausende Kilometer entfernten Zentrums von Akteuren in dieser Region wahrgenommen und umgesetzt? Inwieweit war und ist das Zentrum erfolgreich oder inwieweit ist es gescheitert darin, eine Region in seine staatlichen Strukturen zu integrieren, die so weit entfernt liegt wie der Russische Ferne Osten? Wie haben sich die Bedeutungen von „Zentrum“ und „Peripherie“ mit der Zeit verändert?

(Printversion ab dem 6.Juli im Buchhandel erhältlich)

L’AFFICHAGE ADMINISTRATIF AU XIXe SIÈCLE - Former le consentement

Frédéric Graber

L’administration produit au xixe siècle des affiches à propos de presque tout. Et pourtant, contrairement aux affiches publicitaires illustrées bien connues, les affiches administratives nous restent encore un peu étrangères. En s’appuyant sur des sources dispersées dans de nombreuses archives locales et sur le fonds exceptionnel d’un imprimeur sarthois, cet ouvrage propose d’explorer l’une des activités centrales de l’administration au xixe siècle : l’affichage.
S’intéresser à ces objets communs revient à poser la question des conditions matérielles qui permettent de rendre obligatoires des actes administratifs. Publication d’un texte de loi, recrutement militaire, nouveaux tarifs des chemins de fer, travaux sur une route départementale, discours du président de la République... Chaque sujet fait l’objet d’un affichage selon des règles spécifiques. Mais, plutôt qu’inciter à une lecture effective de l’affiche, l’administration privilégie l’appel à tous : la réaction des populations se limitant généralement à leur silence, est alors interprétée comme un consentement plein et entier. Dans ce processus, l’administration rencontre toutefois de nombreuses difficultés, la conduisant au fil du temps à redéfinir son rapport à la publicité comme les contours de l’autorité publique et de l’espace public ; à envisager, aussi, la protection de certaines affiches plus politiques et à en uniformiser les contenus, en particulier grâce à l’usage croissant de la télégraphie. L’affichage s’impose ainsi au xixe siècle comme un outil essentiel permettant à l’administration de constituer son activité comme relevant d’un droit administratif et de manifester, dans ses actes, les grandes valeurs héritées de la Révolution – égalité de traitement, liberté d’expression –, tout en encourageant volontairement la révolution industrielle.

Erna Eckstein-Schlossmann’s exile years in Turkey, 1935–1950: a biographical and gendered approach to migration history

Nazan Maksudyan

Erna Eckstein-Schlossmann (1895–1998) and Albert Eckstein (1891–1950), a pediatrician couple from Düsseldorf, had to hand in their official resignations after being declared as ‘Jews’ according to the laws of 1933 and 1935. Albert Eckstein accepted the offer of the Turkish government to become the head of the pediatric clinic of Ankara Hospital. Relying on a biographical approach and utilizing ego-documents, such as memoirs, letters, and travelogues at the Eckstein family archives, together with Turkish state archives, and Erna Eckstein-Schlossmann’s research publications, this paper conceptualizes Erna’s exile years in Turkey along gendered lines and provides an intersectional interpretation of migration. This microhistorical reconstruction acknowledges her agency and subjectivity as a high-skilled migrant woman; intertwines her life story with the larger dynamics of the migrant networks in Turkey; and brings it into dialogue with macro-level structural factors with regards to the war, the mass murder and the global movement of European Jews.

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Memory Fragmentation from Below and Beyond the State: Uses of the Past in Conflict and Post-Conflict Settings.

Eric Sangar , Anne Bazin, Emmanuelle Hébert, Valérie Rosoux

ABSTRACT

This volume suggests a model of collective memory that distinguishes between two conceptual logics of memory fragmentation: vertical fragmentation and horizontal fragmentation. It offers a series of case studies of conflict and post-conflict collective memory, shedding light on the ways various actors participate in the production, dissemination, and contestation of memory discourses.

With attention to the characteristics of both vertical and horizontal memory fragmentation, the book addresses the plurality of diverging, and often conflicting, memory discourses that are produced within the public sphere of a given community. It analyzes the juxtaposition, tensions, and interactions between narratives produced beyond or below the central state, often transcending national boundaries.

The book is structured according to the type of actors involved in a memory fragmentation process. It explores how states have been trying to produce and impose memory discourses on civil societies, sometimes even against the experiences of their own citizens, and how such efforts as well as backlash from actors below and beyond the state have led to horizontal and vertical memory fragmentation. Furthermore, it considers the attempts by states’ representatives to reassert control of national memory discourses and the subsequent resistances they face. As such, this volume will appeal to sociology and political science scholars interested in memory studies in post-conflict societies.

Climate Security in the Anthropocene

Judith Nora Hardt , Cameron Harrington, Franziskus von Lucke, Adrien Estève, Nicholas P. Simpson

This chapter introduces the book, Climate Security in the Anthropocene—Exploring the Approaches of United Nations Security Council Member-States. Climate change is increasingly positioned as a security issue. A number of influential governance actors including states, international organisations, and civil society groups now connect climate change to a variety of security threats such as armed conflict, disasters, low socio-economic development, and fragile governing institutions. These threat perceptions have translated into political action and have led to the formation of a complex constellation of governance actors in response. In particular, over the past fifteen years both permanent and non-permanent member-states of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) have been instrumental in constructing and responding to climate security threats. This introductory chapter presents the overall aim of the book, which is to analyse whether the concept of security has shifted over time with respect to climate change, and if so, how these shifts have occurred in state practices. It begins by tracing the evolution of climate security in academic scholarship and in the UNSC. It then presents the theoretical framework of the book, which distinguishes between three ideal-types of climate security: national security, human security, and ecological security. It concludes by outlining the methodology of the book, which is comprised of fifteen case study chapters that explore the various ways in which member-states that sat on the UNSC between 2018 and in 2020 constructed and responded to climate security threats.

Climate Change in Russia – history, science and politics in global perspectives

Benjamin Beuerle , Katja, Doose, Marianna Poberezhskaya (,Michael Oppenheimer, Gary Yohe)

For the Holy War and Motherland: Ottoman State Orphanages (Darüleytams) in the Context of the First World War and the Armenian Genocide

Nazan Maksudyan